This idea is referred to as the “ Staples Theory,” an important concept in Canadian political and economic thought. ![]() This system was seen by some, such as University of Toronto scholar Harold Innis (1894–1952), as creating a dependency on the export of natural resources, leading to relative industrial underdevelopment. For example, a small iron foundry was operating near Trois-Rivières, Québec, as early as the 18th century.Īs Canada developed as a source of staple goods (that is, natural resources such as fish, furs, forestry and farming) during the French and British colonial regimes, it became part of a “mercantilist system,” providing raw resources to the imperial home countries in exchange for finished goods from those places - first, France, then Britain. As settlement proceeded, domestic industry began to grow in areas that facilitated the exploitation of resources, such as railway equipment, shipbuilding and farm machinery. Emphasis was on commercial activity related to the exportation of resources and trade relations with Aboriginal peoples. In the earliest years of fish harvesting in the Atlantic region and the fur trade, there was little related industrial development. Industrial development has long been linked to the exploitation of Canada's rich resource endowment, especially since the colonial era began with contact between Aboriginal peoples and Europeans starting in the 1500s. These are establishments that do not harvest or make goods, but provide services to the population (including the sale of commodities and goods to people). These range from food services to laundries to the Bank of Canada. The tertiary, or service industries, sector includes establishments in both the private and public sectors. goods used to make other goods, for example, machinery, equipment, parts). Secondary manufacturing establishments are those that produce consumer goods (e.g., clothing) and capital goods (i.e. Primary manufacturing companies process raw materials to produce such supplies as iron and steel, pulp and paper, and petroleum products. The secondary, or manufacturing, sector is made up of primary and secondary manufacturing establishments. Other examples include mining precious and other metals, oil and gas, and forestry. For example, coal mining includes establishments that break, wash, grade or otherwise prepare coal for use as a fuel. ![]() The primary sector includes establishments involved in the exploitation and initial processing of natural resources. ( See also Economic History Regionalism Regional Economics Technology. Canada is considered a “developed” country in that it has, as part of its economy, a developed industrial base. All these elements make up Canada's industrial system, which has become increasingly complex over time. Primary manufacturing involves harvesting natural resources secondary, manufacturing and tertiary, the service industries. Industry, in its broadest sense, includes all economic activity, but for convenience commentators divide it into three sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. Construction gang in the 1870s reducing an embankment (courtesy PAO).
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